Re: Listeria in seafood
From: Bernard Cristalli (bcrist@club-internet.fr)
Wed Dec 30 00:06:43 1998
With all that I wonder how we don't have listeriosis all time long. So 2 options
are available:
1. We don't eat nothin',
2. We don't give a damn.
I'd vote for # 2.
--
Peter Wein a écrit:
> Promise not to say anything more about this either - although I can't see
> why people would be upset at a discussion of a cause of perinatal death!
> Looks like smoked salmon is out too.
> >
>
> >TITLE: Prevalence and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in naturally
> contaminated seafood.
> >AUTHOR(S): Jorgensen-LV; Huss-HH
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Food-Microbiol. 1998 Jun 30;
> 42(1-2): 127-31
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0168-1605
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Listeria monocytogenes contamination of seafood varies with
> product category. The highest prevalence was found in cold-smoked fish
> (34-60%), while the lowest was found in heat-treated and cured seafood
> (4-12%). The prevalence of L. monocytogenes differed greatly in cold-smoked
> salmon between production sites, ranging from < 1.4% (nil out of 70
> samples) to 100%. The prevalence at the individual production sites was
> reproducible at repeated sampling. The results indicate that it is possible
> to produce cold-smoked salmon with a low prevalence of L. monocytogenes.
> The organism showed moderate growth in naturally contaminated cold-smoked,
> and 'gravad', fish while the growth appeared faster in hot smoked fish.
> Thus L. monocytogenes is not under control in these products. Finally, the
> prevalence and growth of L. monocytogenes in naturally contaminated
> cold-smoked salmon are discussed in relation to controlling this risk.
> >
> >TITLE: Risk factors for contamination of smoked salmon with Listeria
> monocytogenes during processing.
> >AUTHOR(S): Rorvik-LM; Skjerve-E; Knudsen-BR; Yndestad-M
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Food-Microbiol. 1997 Jul 22;
> 37(2-3): 215-9
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0168-1605
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Forty smoked salmon processing plants were examined for the
> occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in the smoked
> salmon and the drains. L. monocytogenes was detected in smoked salmon from
> 13 (33%) and in the drains samples from 25 (63%) of the plants. Other
> Listeria spp. were found in smoked salmon samples from 16 (40%) and in the
> drains of 30 (75%) of the plants. Multivariate analyses of data on hygiene,
> management, production facilities of the plants and bacteriological results
> showed that job rotation was the strongest expressed risk factor for
> isolation of L. monocytogenes from the smoked salmon (hazard ratio, HR > 11.0, p = .002). Well-maintained facilities (HR = 0.31, p = 0.064) and use
> of vats for salting of the fillets (HR = 0.33, p = 0.109), showed a
> preventive effect. L. monocytogenes in the drains was found to be a
> sensitive predictor for the presence of L. monocytogenes in the smoked
> salmon. In general, detection of other Listeria spp. in the smoked salmon
> or the drains could not be demonstrated to have any association with
> detection of L. monocytogenes.
> >
> >TITLE: Typing Listeria monocytogenes isolates from fish products and
> human listeriosis cases.
> >AUTHOR(S): Boerlin-P; Boerlin-Petzold-F; Bannerman-E; Bille-J; Jemmi-T
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Appl-Environ-Microbiol. 1997 Apr; 63(4):
> 1338-43
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0099-2240
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Seventy-two Listeria monocytogenes isolates originating from 10
> different fish products of 12 producers and 47 isolates from human
> listeriosis cases were typed by serotyping and multilocus enzyme
> electrophoresis. Seventy-five of these isolates were further subtyped by
> restriction analysis of genomic DNA with the enzyme XhoI and by
> pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the enzymes ApaI and SmaI. The
> results show that several L. monocytogenes clones identified by multilocus
> enzyme electrophoresis are frequently found in fish products of different
> origins. One of these clones is the same as another previously shown to be
> frequently associated with meat and meat products. The epidemic-associated
> electrophoretic type 1 was only rarely found in fish products. No
> association was found between any type of fish product and a particular
> >lineage of L. monocytogenes. Both long-term persistence of a strain and
> simultaneous presence of several clearly distinct strains in the products
> of single producers were observed. The comparison of L. monocytogenes
> isolates from human clinical listeriosis cases in Switzerland and those from
> >imported fish products by use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis showed
> that they do not form two clearly distinct lineages but nevertheless belong
> to two separate populations. None of the 48 subtypes distinguished by the
> combination of all four typing methods could be found in both populations
> of human origin and those of fish origin.
> >
> >TITLE: Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp.in
> smoked and 'gravad' fish.
> >AUTHOR(S): Loncarevic-S; Tham-W; Danielsson-Tham-ML
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Acta-Vet-Scand. 1996; 37(1): 13-8
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0044-605X
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Altogether 150 samples of vacuum-packed fish were examined for
> the presence of Listeria species. Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from
> 12 of 58 'gravad' fish samples, 3 of 26 cold-smoked and one of 66
> hot-smoked fish samples. Ten of these 16 positive samples harboured more
> than 100 L. monocytogenes cfu/g. The highest level (132,000) was found in a
> sample of hot-smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Serogroup 1/2 was
> most frequently found, followed by 4 and 3. One sample of gravad rainbow
> trout harboured more than one serogroup of L. monocytogenes. L. innocua and
> L. seeligeri were isolated from 12 and 1 samples, respectively.
> >
> >TITLE: Use of molecular typing methods to trace the dissemination of
> Listeria monocytogenes in a shrimp processing plant [published erratum
> appears in Appl Environ Microbiol 1996 May;62(5):1852-3]
> >AUTHOR(S): Destro-MT; Leitao-MF; Farber-JM
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Appl-Environ-Microbiol. 1996 Feb;
> 62(2):705-11
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0099-2240
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Molecular typing of bacteria has been widely used in
> epidemiological studies but not as extensively for tracing the transmission
> of pathogenic bacteria in food plants. This study was conducted to examine
> the potential use of two molecular typing methods, random amplified
> polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
> (PFGE), to trace Listeria monocytogenes contamination in a shrimp
> processing plant. Ribotyping and phase typing were also performed on a
> select number of strains. One hundred fifteen strains of L. monocytogenes
> collected in different areas of a shrimp processing plant were first
> serotyped and then subtyped by molecular typing. RAPD and PFGE showed great
> promise for typing L. monocytogenes isolates since distinguishable and
> reproducible DNA polymorphisms were obtained. When the composite profile
> from both (RAPD and PFGE) methods was generated, there was an increase in
> the discriminatory
> >power to discern differences between strains of L. monocytogenes. The
> results indicated that environmental strains all fell into composite
> profile groupings unique to the environment, while strains from both water
> and utensils shared another composite profile group. L. monocytogenes fresh
> shrimp isolates belonging to one profile group were found in different
> areas of the processing line. This same profile group was also present in
> food handlers from the processing and packaging areas of the plant.
> >
> >TITLE: Listeria species in a California coast estuarine environment.
> >AUTHOR(S): Colburn-KG; Kaysner-CA; Abeyta-C Jr; Wekell-MM
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Appl-Environ-Microbiol. 1990 Jul; 56(7):
> 2007-11
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0099-2240
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Listeria species and L. monocytogenes were found in 81 and 62%
> respectively, of fresh or low-salinity waters (37 samples) in tributaries
> draining into Humboldt-Arcata Bay, Calif., during a winter
> (January-February) sampling period. The incidence of Listeria species and L.
> >monocytogenes in sediment (46 samples) from the same sites where water was
> sampled was 30.4 and 17.4%, respectively. One of three bay water samples
> contained Listeria species (including L. monocytogenes), while of 35
> samples of oysters examined, only 1 was found positive for Listeria species
> (L. innocua). A given species or L. monocytogenes serogroup appeared to
> predominate in fresh water when domesticated animals (cows, horses) were
> nearby, whereas greater variety with no species predominance was observed
> in areas with no direct animal influence.
> >
> >TITLE: Occurrence of Listeria species in ready to eat foods.
> >AUTHOR(S): Wilson-IG
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Epidemiol-Infect. 1995 Dec; 115(3): 519-26
>
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0950-2688
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Over 8000 ready to eat foods were examined for the presence of
> Listeria species. Overall, 5% of foods were found to contain these
> organisms. Higher occurrence was found in some foods such as chicken (11%)
> and fish (14%). Most of the Listeria species isolated were L. monocytogenes
> (49%) and L. innocua (36%) with lower numbers of other species. No seasonal
> >pattern in the recovery of L. monocytogenes was found. Unsatisfactory or
> potentially hazardous levels of L. monocytogenes were found in 14 products
> (< 0.2%), mostly cooked meats. Undercooked chicken products appeared to
> present the greatest risk for the duration of this survey. The small number
> of samples which were potentially hazardous suggests that the risk to
> consumers is not high, and this is confirmed by the absence of clinical
> cases in the region during the period of study.
> >
> >TITLE: Contamination pattern of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria
> spp. in a salmon slaughterhouse and smoked salmon processing plant.
> >AUTHOR(S): Rorvik-LM; Caugant-DA; Yndestad-M
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Food-Microbiol. 1995 Mar; 25(1): 19-27
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0168-1605
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: A smoked salmon processing plant including a smokehouse and a
> slaughterhouse was examined for the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes
> and other Listeria spp. From a total of 475 samples the overall frequency
> of L. monocytogenes was 16%, while other Listeria spp. were found in 22% of
> the samples. L. monocytogenes was most often detected in samples from the
> smokehouse, where 29% of the environmental and 26% of the fish samples
> during processing contained the bacteria. 17% of the fish raw material to
> the smokehouse were contaminated, while 11% of the samples from
> vacuum-packed smoked salmon were positive for L. monocytogenes. The
> >slaughterhouse was sporadically contaminated, but L. monocytogenes was not
> found in 50 samples of slaughtered fish. L. monocytogenes was found in the
> seawater outside the slaughterhouse. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
> divided the isolated L. monocytogenes strains into 11 electrophoretic types
> (ETs). One ET, ET-6, which is the most common ET in Norway, seemed to have
> colonized the smokehouse. Isolates from the seawater, from the
> slaughterhouse and from fish coming into the smokehouse, before filleting,
> were other ETs.
> >
> >TITLE: The incidence of Listeria species in retail foods in Japan.
> >AUTHOR(S): Ryu-CH; Igimi-S; Inoue-S; Kumagai-S
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Food-Microbiol. 1992 Jun; 16(2):
> 157-60
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0168-1605
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Meat, fish and vegetable products obtained at retail shops in
> or around Tokyo were examined for Listeria contamination. Listeria spp.
> were isolated from 43 (56.6%) out of 76 samples of meat products. L.
> monocytogenes occurred in 26 (34%) of the samples, L. monocytogenes was
> >isolated from 7 (6.1%) out of 114 samples of fish and fish products
> including 'ready-to-eat' foods. Listeria was not isolated from any of 21
> samples of vegetable and vegetable product including 'ready-to-eat' foods
> investigated.
> >
> >TITLE: Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Norway.
> >AUTHOR(S): Rorvik-LM; Yndestad-M
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Food-Microbiol. 1991 Jun; 13(2):
> 97-104
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0168-1605
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: Three-hundred-and-eighty-two samples of different retail food
> items in Norway (imported soft cheese, raw chicken, minced meat, fermented
> sausages, vacuum-packed processed meat products, smoked salmon, peeled
> shrimps, raw minced fish) and 78 carcass samples (sheep, pig, cattle), were
> screened for Listeria monocytogenes. Of the 460 samples investigated, 78
> >were found to contain L. monocytogenes. Five of these contained greater
> than 10(3) cfu/g, four greater than 10(2) cfu/g, while the remainder were
> shown to contain L. monocytogenes only after enrichment. L. monocytogenes
> was isolated most frequently from raw chicken, sporadically from soft
> cheese, shrimps, processed meat products and smoked salmon, and not at all
> from carcasses and fermented sausages.
> >
> >TITLE: Incidence of Listeria species in seafood and seafood salads.
> >AUTHOR(S): Hartemink-R; Georgsson-F
> >SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Food-Microbiol. 1991 Feb; 12(2-3):
> 189-95
> >INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0168-1605
> >LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
> >ABSTRACT: A total of 128 samples of seafood on the Icelandic market were
> tested for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria
> species. The samples included raw, smoked and dried fish, frozen shellfish
> and shrimps as well as several fish salads. These products are generally
> consumed without heating. Listeria spp. were present in 56% of the samples
> of raw fish, 29% of the smoked fish, 9% of the shrimps and 32% of the
> salads. No Listeria spp. were present in the shellfish or dried fish. In
> 46% of the positive samples L. monocytogenes could be demonstrated, either
> alone or together with L. innocua. The other positive samples contained L.
> innocua and, in one sample, L. welshimeri. All products sampled had been
> processed and packed in Iceland, mostly for use on the domestic market. It
> is suggested that consuming certain fish products and fish salads may form
> an additional risk factor for listeriosis in humans.
> >
> Title: Isolation of Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Yersinia
> enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in bivalve mollusks.
> Author(s): Ferrer-M-D; De-Simon-M
> Source Journal: Alimentaria 30(247): 33-35
> Publication Year: 1993
> Language of Article: Spanish
> Abstract: In the present work we have studied the presence of Salmonella,
> Yersinia, Listeria and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, in 481 samples of bivalves
> molluscs. The most significant results are the isolation of Salmonella in
> the 2,5% of the samples (in one occasion Salmonella enteritidis) and the
> presence of Listeria monocytogenes in the 8,6% of the mussels and in the
> 2,5% of the oysters.
>
> Title: Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Malaysia.
> Author(s): Arumugaswamy-R-K; Ali-G-R-R; Hamid-S-N-B-A
> Source Journal: International Journal of Food Microbiology 23(1): 117-121
> Publication Year: 1994
> Language of Article: English
> Abstract: A total of 234 samples of food, consisting of 158 of raw and 76
> samples of ready-to-eat food were examined for the presence of Listeria
> monocytogenes. The frequencies of L. monocytogenes contamination in raw
> foods were: chicken portions (60%), liver (60%) and gizzard (62%), beef
> (50%), beansprout (85%), prawns (44%), kupang (dried oysters) (33%), bean
> cake (25%), satay (48%) and leafy vegetables (22%). Of the ready-to-eat
> foods: satay (26%), prawns, squids, clams and chicken dishes (22%),
> cucumber (80%) and peanut sauce (20%) were found to yield L. monocytogenes.
>
> Peter Wein
--
Bernard Cristalli MD CNGOF
AIHP - ACCA
Paris - France
http://www.obgyn.net/corresp/cristalli.htm
http://www.cliniquedelessonne.fr/
