Re: cord pH and "birth asphyxia"

From: Danny Tucker (danny.tucker@dial.pipex.com)
Wed Aug 28 11:07:05 1996


In article <199608280147.VAA07051@itchy.mindspring.com>, robert Modugno <robgyn@mindspring.com> writes

>Do any of you out there in cyberspace have any thoughts regarding the
>reliability of cord pH reflecting the presence or abscence of peripartum
>asphyxia? We had a case where the baby had Apgarsof3,3 at 5 & 1O
>respectively but a normal cord pH. There was fetal bradycardia in the second
>stage and it looks like the baby may have hypoxic encephalopathy. The mom's
>prenatal course was unremarkable.

Was there anything else to suggest that the damage was antecedent to labour, eg prematurity, IUGR, decreased variability on the admission CTG or reduced amniotic fluid volume with thick meconium?

A 10-minute Apgar of 3 is obviously worrying. Nelson [1] looked at the association of Apgars & long term neurological outcome. 18% of babies (>2500g) with this died within 1 year, and 4.7% of survivors had cerebral palsy. Apgars alone are obviously a poor predictor of outcome and the presence of Sarnat Grade 2/3 HIE is more indicative of a perinatal insult, though this of course doesn't mean that it was preventable, especially if faced with a terminal bradycardia.

There is evidence that babies with low Apgar scores and severe acidaemia have a better outcome than those with low scores and no acidaemia, suggesting that the origin of the damage was antenatal and the fetus was unable to mount an appropriate response to hypoxic insult [2,3,4]. Also take a look at the report of Menticoglou et al [5], who presents a couple of cases not dissimilar to yours.

The presence of the normal cord pH should reassure you, I think. The reason I have these ref's to hand is that only last week I delivered a baby in the 2nd stage following a prolonged bradycardia with pH 6.80. The mother was a long-term abuser of amphetamines, opiates, cannabis & alcohol. This babe was depressed at birth also, but has not developed signs of HIE. I feel sure that in my case the antenatal insults rendered this baby, maybe not neurologically damaged prior to labour but certainly short on metabolic reserve.

Regards,

Danny

---------------------------------------------- Dr Danny Tucker ---------------------------------------------- Senior SHO

--
----------------------------------------------
  Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  Derby City General Hospital, UK
  danny.tucker@dial.pipex.com
----------------------------------------------

1. Nelson KB & Ellenberg JH. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic ---------------------------------------------- neurologic disability. Pediatrics 1981;6:36-44 ----------------------------------------------

2. Dijxhoorn MJ et al. Apgar score, meconium and acidaemia at birth in relation to neonatal neurological morbidity in term infants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986;93:217-22

3. Dennis J et al. Acid-base status at birth and neurodevelopmental outcome at 4.5 years. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:213-20

4. Ruth VJ & Raivio KP. Perinatal brain damage: predictive value of metabolic acidosis and the Apgar score. Br Med J 1988;297:24-7

5. Menticoglou SM et al. Sever fetal brain injury without evident intrapartum asphyxia or trauma. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:457-61

---------------------------------------------- Dr Danny Tucker ---------------------------------------------- Senior SHO ---------------------------------------------- Obstetrics & Gynaecology Nottingham, UK danny.tucker@dial.pipex.com ----------------------------------------------





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